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- From: dolphin@ziggys.cts.com (Rex Kahler) 619/262-6384
- Newsgroups: alt.drugs
- Subject: Amphetamine, cocaine: New link
- Message-ID: <9Bk7Dc10w165w@ziggys.cts.com>
- Date: Tue, 07 Dec 93 01:03:19 PST
-
- (from an issue of Bottom Line Magazine..not sure of date or #):
- (reprinted wholly without permission)
-
- "A brain structure largely ignored by drug addiction researchers
- may play an important role in producing the similar ill effects
- of amphetamine and cocaine binges, including hallucinations and
- gradually worsening paranoia, according to a report accepted for
- publication in BRAIN RESEARCH. If the findingd hold up, they may
- lead to a new theory of how disturbances involving the chemical
- messenger dopamine promote various types of psychosis, asserts
- psychologist Gaylord Ellison of the University of California, Los
- Angeles.
- Prior animal research has found that taking amphetamine for several
- days damages dopamine-rich cells in a brain area called the caudate,
- while comparable cocaine intake leaves the caudate unscathed. However,
- these studies often rely on daily drug injections that fall far short
- of the "speed runs" of human addicts, who may consume cocaine or am-
- phetamine every few hours for days, Ellison notes.
- He and his co-workers developed slow-release silicone pellets that,
- when implanted under the skin, deliver continuous doses of either
- amphetamine or cocaine for five days.
- Rats implanted with amphetamine pellets, but not those bearing cocaine
- pellets, display caudate damage by the third day, based on staining and
- microscopic analysis of their brains. However, both groups suffer ex-
- tensive damage to a structure near the center of the brain, the habenula,
- and its cell connections to a related region, Ellison contends.
- Anatomical studies indicate that the habenula helps to regulate dopamine
- transmission by slowing its release elsewhere. The habenula also
- maintains connections to cells that produce serotonin, a chemical
- courier involved in hallucinations, Ellison holds. Destruction of cell
- pathways linking the habenula to other brain structures may at least
- partly cause amphetamine and cocaine psychosis, he proposes."
-
-
-
- back beneath the waves
- D o l p h i n R e x
- /s\
-
- =============================================================================
-
- My excellent book: "Drugs and the Brain" by Solomon H Snyder (a fellow tripper)
- contains the following factoids about Ephedrine
-
- Ephedrine was discovered by K. K. Chen, who was looking for a substitute for
- Adrenalin as an antiathsmatic (sp?). Chen was curious about chinese herbal
- medicine, in particular ma huang. He and other Lilly chemists quickly isolated
- ephedrine, and verified that it widened bronchial passages. Since Adrenalin
- couldn't be taken orally, and had a hell of a side-effect :-) ephedrine
- seemed vastly preferable. The rarity of ma huang quickly sent chemists
- scrambling for a synthetic ephedrine, and sometime in the 30's, one of them
- stumbled on Amphetamine.
-
- Amphetamine was also a bronchiodilator, and could be inhaled directly,
- delivering the relief within seconds. It was marketed under the name
- Benzedrine and quickly became a legal, over the counter, recreational drug.
-
- ..from a 1937 Journal of the American Medical Association
- "Benzedrine Tablets were used at the department for Psychology at the
- University of Minnesota to study ... effects on human thought. It was
- found that the substance increased alertness... Apparently, the effect
- iveness of the drug in delaying the onset of sleep has induced many
- University of Minnesota students so seek the drug in local Pharmacies."
-
- Anyhoo. Ephedrine is structurally similar to the family of Amphetamines,
- so it's concievable that it could serve as a precursor. this is probably
- reason enough for the Feds to clamp down on it....Stock up now.
-
-
- --
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